Ethics and Competence Analysis of AI Usage Among Higher Education Students in Bandung Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of students' AI competency levels in Bandung, using the AI Competency Framework for Students from UNESCO as its primary foundation. Employing a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method, the research instrument was distributed to students from various universities in Bandung. The findings indicate that while students possess a strong ethical foundation (Ethics of AI mean score 3.12), there are significant weaknesses in the Human Centered Mindset (2.94) and AI Techniques & Applications (2.98) dimensions. The AI System Design dimension shows an adequate score (3.01), yet has not reached its maximum potential. The analysis also identified differing AI usage patterns among student demographic groups. This study found that students' ethical awareness aligns with national (UU PDP) and global (GDPR) regulations, but a critical implementation gap exists. This gap suggests that students do not yet fully possess the practical skills and systematic understanding necessary to meet the demands for accountability and human oversight emphasized by advanced regulations such as the Circular Letter of the Minister of Communication and Informatics and the EU AI Act. Thus, this research provides an empirical basis for policy recommendations aimed at developing a more holistic and balanced curriculum, in order to prepare students to be not only technically competent but also ethically responsible users of artificial intelligence.