Sanga Mandala Concept Study in Balinese Traditional Architecture

Abstract

Sanga Mandala is a concept that divide the layout of lowland Balinese house into nine parts starting from utama ning utama to the nista ning nista and each of these areas has its own function and activity. The intersection of two main axes, the ritual axis and the natural axis, forms the concept of Sanga Mandala. These axes have two poles called Kaja-Kelod (mountain-sea direction) and Kangin-Kauh (sunrise-sunset direction). This study aimed at examining the philosophy of Sanga Mandala conception in Balinese Traditional Architecture using descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out by literature study of related scientific journals. The results showed that there was a pattern of meaning of KajaKelod (mountain-sea direction) and Kangin-Kauh (sunrise-sunset direction) in the conception of zoning, transformation of spaces and buildings, orientation of the building mass, as well as producing a pattern of meaning in zoning and ritual functions as the most important part in the Balinese traditional architecture